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Route Marker 2- Regulation: Do we have core aspects of IPT regulation and enforcement in place?

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IPT is typically subject to different forms of quantity (route licensing) and quality (driver licensing and vehicle inspections) regulation, although the adequacy of enforcement can vary substantially.  Establishing route (and insome instances area) licensing and enforcing this well is viewed as a fundamental element of a well-functioning system, whether a public authority intends to undertake a smaller scale pilot project or introduce new formal public transport services on specific corridors.

As the experience from Accra and Kumasi suggests, inadequate enforcement of route licensing results in illegal operations, over-supply on popular routes, and loading of passengers on congested roadsides to skip queues at terminals/stations. All of this means that the operational and business model of established IPT associations and unions is badly undermined. 

Self Assessment Questionnaire

See where you stand.

How would you classify the current regulatory framework for IPT in your city? (Select all that apply)

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  • IPT is prohibited/banned from operating in a substantial portion of the city

  • IPT operates in the city subject to route (or area) licensing that is well enforced

  • IPT operates in the city subject to driver licensing and vehicle inspection regimes that are well enforced

  • IPT operates in the city subject to route (or area) licensing that is poorly/unevenly enforced

  • IPT operates in the city subject to driver licensing and vehicle inspection regimes that is poorly/unevenly enforced

  • IPT operates in the city in a situation of very limited or no regulatory oversight

Cape Town, Accra, Kumasi and Maputo all have experience of setting and enforcing route licensing. One challenge that remains is that of monitoring IPT operations at timescales that allow for suitable increases (or decreases) in the number of vehicles licensed to operate, in order to balance supply with demand. A further related issue to be addressed, as raised during a TRANSITIONS workshop with representatives from seven cities, is finding an approach to ensure that IPT services are available in less profitable, off-peak periods.

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For an introduction to IPT regulatory frameworks, please see:

You can also download the questionnaire template below and work on the answers with your colleagues!

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